13. Which drugs are associated with acute pancreatitis?
Correct answer: Sodium valproate; corticosteroids.
2. What type of trauma is associated with acute pancreatitis?
Correct answer: Particularly blunt trauma or crush injury.
11. Which infections are associated with acute pancreatitis?
Correct answer: Mumps, cytomegalovirus or coxsackie infection.
10. Why is acute pancreatitis associated with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography?
Correct answer: Particularly if pancreatography was performed and when there was difficulty cannulating the papilla with subsequent oedema and obstruction.
With which operations is acute pancreatitis associated postoperatively?
Correct answer: Correct answer: Particularly after cardiopulmonary bypass or damage to the pancreas during mobilization of the duodenum at partial gastrectomy or splenectomy.
7. How commonly is alcohol associated with acute pancreatitis?
Correct answer: The majority of non-gallstone pancreatitis is alcohol related. This is particularly common in France and North America. Alcohol is also the commonest cause of recurrent pancreatitis. The mechanism is unclear, and it may follow either chronic alcohol abuse…
6. How commonly are gallstones associated with acute pancreatitis?
Correct answer: Gallstones are present in half the cases in the UK, and indeed small gallstones can be recovered from the faeces of many patients with acute pancreatitis.
5. What are the 12 causes of acute pancreatitis?
Correct answer: (1) Hypothermia.(2) Hypercalcaemia.(3) Hyperlipidaemia.(4) Postoperative.(5) Alcohol.(6) Gallstones.(7) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(8) Drugs.(9) Carcinoma of the pancreas.(10) Infection.(11) Trauma.(12) Vascular.The two most common causes are gallstones and alcohol.
4. What is a heterotopic pancreas?
Correct answer: This is produced by an accessory budding from the primitive foregut. A nodule of pancreatic tissue may be found in the stomach, duodenum or jejunum. This produces obstructive or dyspeptic symptoms.
3. What is an annular pancreas?
Correct answer: The two developmental buds may envelop the second part of the duodenum, producing this rare form of duodenal extrinsic obstruction.
