3. What are the five common varieties of hernia in order from commonest to least common?
Correct answer: (1) Inguinal.(2) Femoral.(3) Umbilical and paraumbilical.(4) Incisional.(5) Ventral and epigastric.
2. What type of peritoneum do hernias usually involve?
Correct answer: Most hernias occur as a diverticulum of the peritoneal cavity and therefore have a sac of parietal peritoneum.
1. What is the definition of a hernia?
Correct answer: A hernia is the protrusion of an organ or part of an organ through a defect in the wall of the cavity containing it into an abnormal position. The term is usually used with reference to the abdomen.
13. What are the clinical features of peritonitis?
Correct answer: Peritonitis is inevitably secondary to some precipitating lesion, which may itself have definite clinical features, e.g. the onset may be an attack of acute appendicitis or a perforated duodenal ulcer with appropriate symptoms and signs. Early peritonitis is…
12. What are the pathological features of paralytic ileus?
Correct answer: Loss of fluid; loss of electrolytes; loss of protein.
11. What are the pathological effects of peritonitis?
Correct answer: (1) Widespread absorption of toxins from the large, inflamed surface. (2) The associated paralytic ileus with: (a) loss of fluid, (b) loss of electrolytes, (c) loss of protein. (3) Gross abdominal distension with elevation of the diaphragm, which…
10. What is a rare gynaecological cause of peritonitis in young girls?
Correct answer: Pneumococcus.
9. Which types of bacteria are involved in peritonitis of blood-borne origin?
Correct answer: (1) Tuberculous. (2) Pneumococcal. (3) Streptococcal. (4) Staphylococcal.
8. Which bacteria are involved in peritonitis of gynaecological origin?
Correct answer: (1) Gonococcus.(2) Chlamydia.(3) Streptococcus.
7. Which bacteria are involved in peritonitis of bowel origin?
Correct answer: (1) Bacteroides.(2) Pseudomonas.(3) Clostridium.(4) Streptococcus.(5) Proteus.(6) Escherichia coli.(7) Klebsiella.
