2. What are the two main congenital abnormalities of the pancreas?
Correct answer: Annular pancreas; heterotopic pancreas.
How does the pancreas develop?
Correct answer: The pancreas develops as a dorsal and a ventral bud from the duodenum. The ventral bud rotates posteriorly, thus enclosing the superior mesenteric vessels; it forms the major part of the head of the pancreas and its duct…
13. What does bile do in the gut?
Correct answer: Once in the gut, bile salts act as a detergent, breaking up and emulsifying fats to facilitate their absorption.
12. How is cholesterol carried in bile?
Correct answer: Cholesterol is not water soluble and is carried in the bile in water-soluble micelles, in which the hydrophobic cholesterol is carried within a ‘shell’ of phospholipid and bile salts.
11. What type of bilirubin is found in bile?
Correct answer: Conjugated bilirubin.
10. What are the principal bile salts in bile?
Correct answer: Chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid.
9. What is the principal phospholipid in bile?
Correct answer: Lecithin.
8. What is bile composed of?
Correct answer: Bile is composed of cholesterol, phospholipids (principally lecithin), bile salts (chenodeoxycholic acid and cholic acid) and water. Bile also contains conjugated bilirubin, the breakdown product of haemoglobin, which is quite distinct from bile salts. Cholesterol is not water…
